Gangguan Tingkah Laku pada Siswa SMA dan Pondok Pesantren Terpadu Menggunakan Kuesioner Kekuatan dan Kesulitan (SDQ)
Abstrak
Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) merupakan alat skrining yang banyak digunakan untuk mendeteksi masalah kesehatan mental pada anak dan remaja usia 4–18 tahun. Respon perilaku remaja terhadap masalah dapat berbeda tergantung lingkungan tempat tinggal, seperti tinggal bersama orang tua atau di asrama. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kondisi kesehatan mental siswa sekolah menengah atas (SMA) umum dan siswa pondok pesantren terpadu di dua kota berbeda di Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan 120 siswa berusia 15–17 tahun yang dipilih melalui incidental random sampling. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner SDQ secara daring di SMA dan secara cetak di pesantren. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan uji-t independen. Dari hasil penelitian telihat bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada dimensi masalah perilaku (p = 0,010) dan masalah teman sebaya (p = 0,046). Korelasi kuat juga ditemukan antar dimensi SDQ, seperti masalah perilaku dengan hiperaktivitas (r = 0,289**) dan masalah teman sebaya dengan gejala emosional (r = 0,295**) serta hiperaktivitas (r = 0,356**). Lingkungan sosial, seperti pola pengasuhan dan keterbatasan interaksi dengan orang tua, dapat mempengaruhi kesehatan mental remaja. Penelitian ini penting untuk memberikan gambaran empiris tentang bagaimana perbedaan sistem pendidikan dan tempat tinggal mempengaruhi kondisi psikologis siswa, yang dapat menjadi dasar bagi intervensi kesehatan mental berbasis sekolah.
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