Hubungan Kualitas Fisik, Bakteriologis, dan Higiene Pengolahan Air Minum dengan Kejadian Stunting
Abstract
Stunting adalah kondisi di mana pertumbuhan fisik anak-anak terhambat, terutama tinggi badan yang tidak sesuai dengan usia mereka. Jika tidak dicegah atau diatasi sejak dini, kondisi ini dapat sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Target nasional untuk tahun 2024 adalah menurunkan prevalensi stunting hingga 14%. Namun, di Kota Payakumbuh, terdapat 291 balita yang mengalami stunting pada tahun 2022, dan 43 balita mengalami kondisi pendek di wilayah kerja Puskesmas X. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas fisik, bakteriologis, dan higiene pengolahan air minum. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan desain case control. Sampel terdiri dari 41 rumah balita kasus stunting dan 41 rumah balita yang tidak stunting sebagai kontrol. Indikator pengukuran bakteri E.coli dilakukan dengan mengambil sampel air minum yang diperiksa menggunakan Sanitarian KIT Compact Dry EC/DC, dan Koliform diperiksa dengan metode yang sama, menggunakan uji chi-square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 90,2% kualitas fisik air memenuhi syarat, namun 84,1% kualitas bakteriologis tidak memenuhi syarat, dan 58,5% higiene pengolahan air minum tidak baik. Hasil analisis bivariate diperoleh bahwa higiene pengolahan air minum dengan p-value 0,014. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara higiene pengolahan air minum dengan stunting. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini perlunya edukasi keluarga mengenai pengolahan air minum yang aman dan higienis.
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References
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Prendergast, A. J., & Humphrey, J. H. (2014). The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 34(4), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158
Purba, I. G., Sunarsih, E., Trisnaini, I., & Sitorus, R. J. (2020a). Environmental Sanitation And Incidence Of Stunting In Children Aged 12-59 Months. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.189-199
Purba, I. G., Sunarsih, E., Trisnaini, I., & Sitorus, R. J. (2020b). Environmental Sanitation and Incidence of Stunting in Children Aged 12-59 Months in Ogan Ilir Regency. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 12(3), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.189-199
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Rakotomanana, H., Komakech, J. J., Walters, C. N., & Stoecker, B. J. (2020). The who and unicef joint monitoring programme (Jmp) indicators for water supply, sanitation and hygiene and their association with linear growth in children 6 to 23 months in east Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176262
Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., & Atlaw, D. (2022). Association between water , sanitation and hygiene ( WASH ) and child undernutrition in Ethiopia : a hierarchical approach. BMC Public Health, 22, 1–20.
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Sufri, S., Nurhasanah, Jannah, M., Dewi, T. P., Sirasa, F., & Bakri, S. (2023). Child Stunting Reduction in Aceh Province: Challenges and a Way Ahead. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 27(5), 888–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03601-y
Syaputri, D., Soedjadi, T. T. B., Manalu, S. M. H., Tanjung, R., & Rosana, D. (2023). The Relationship Between Household Drinking Water Quality and The Incidence of Stunting. Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v5i1.14890
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Utami, M. M. H., Kustiyah, L., & Dwiriani, C. M. (2023). Risk Factors of Stunting, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Their Coexistence among Children Aged 6-9 Years in Indonesia: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-2015. Amerta Nutrition, 7(1), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v7i1.2023.120-130
Wenhold, F. A. M., & Faber, M. (2019). Beverage intake: Nutritional role, challenges, and opportunities for developing countries. In Nutrients in Beverages: Volume 12: The Science of Beverages. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816842-4.00005-8
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Woldesenbet, B., Tolcha, A., & Tsegaye, B. (2023). Water, hygiene and sanitation practices are associated with stunting among children of age 24-59 months in Lemo district, South Ethiopia, in 2021: community based cross sectional study. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00677-1
Yasril, Neila Sulung (2022). Metode Besar Sampel dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampling Untuk Penelitian Kesehatan.
Badan Kependudukan Dan Keluarga Berencana. (2021). Rencana Aksi Nasional Percepatan Penurunan Angka Stunting Indonesia Tahun 2021-2024. Peraturan Badan Kependudukan Dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional Republik Indonesia, 4, 1–162.
Das, S., Fahim, S. M., Alam, M. A., Mahfuz, M., Bessong, P., Mduma, E., Kosek, M., Shrestha, S. K., & Ahmed, T. (2021). Not water, sanitation and hygiene practice, but timing of stunting is associated with recovery from stunting at 24 months: Results from a multi-country birth cohort study. Public Health Nutrition, 24(6), 1428–1437. https://doi.org/10.1017/S136898002000004X
Desyanti, C., & Nindya, T. S. (2017). Hubungan Riwayat Penyakit Diare dan Praktik Higiene dengan Kejadian Stunting pada Balita Usia 24-59 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Simolawang, Surabaya. Amerta Nutrition, 1(3), 243. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v1i3.6251
Dinas Kesehatan Kota Payakumbuh. (2022). Rekapitulasi Validasi Data Stunting.
Irianti, S., Prasetyoputra, P., Dharmayanti, I., Azhar, K., & Hidayangsih, P. S. (2019a). The role of drinking water source, sanitation, and solid waste management in reducing childhood stunting in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 344(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/344/1/012009
Irianti, S., Prasetyoputra, P., Dharmayanti, I., Azhar, K., & Hidayangsih, P. S. (2019b). The role of drinking water source, sanitation, and solid waste management in reducing childhood stunting in Indonesia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 344(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/344/1/012009
Kemenkes RI. (2018). Buletin Jendela Data dan Informasi Kesehatan: Situasi Balita Pendek di Indonesia. In Kementerian Kesehatan RI.
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2021). Hasil Studi Gizi Indonesia (SSGI) Tingkat Nasional, Provinsi, dan Kabupaten/Kota tahun 2021. In Kementerian Kesehatan. https://doi.org/10.36805/bi.v2i1.301
Kundu, S., Banna, M. H. Al, Sayeed, A., Akter, S., Aktar, A., Islam, M. A., Proshad, R., & Khan, M. S. I. (2021). Effect of vendors’ socio-demography and other factors on hygienic practices of street food shops. Journal of Foodservice Business Research, 24(4), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1080/15378020.2020.1870785
Kwami, C. S., Godfrey, S., Gavilan, H., Lakhanpaul, M., & Parikh, P. (2019). Water , Sanitation , and Hygiene : Linkages with Stunting in Rural Ethiopia. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 16, 1–21.
Nasrul Zaman, Fahrun Nur Rosyid, & Atik Ba’diah. (2022). Analysis of determinant stunting primary school students in remote areas of southeast Aceh District. Open Access Research Journal of Science and Technology, 6(1), 010–017. https://doi.org/10.53022/oarjst.2022.6.1.0045
Neema, F. (2023). The Impact of Advanced Food Processing Technologies on Agricultural Value Addition. International Journal of Agriculture, 8(2), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.47604/ija.2004
Nurjazuli, N., Budiyono, B., Raharjo, M., & Wahyuningsih, N. E. (2023). Environmental factors related to children diagnosed with stunting 3 years ago in Salatiga City, Central Java, Indonesia. Toxicologie Analytique et Clinique, 35(3), 198–205. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxac.2023.01.003
Oduoye, M. O., Olaide, Z., Muhammod-Rabiu, N. O. I. Z. A., Mujtab, A., Joseph, G., Banga, S., Masimango, G., & Akilimali, A. (2023). How food preparation and food choice influence the nutritional growth of children: a rising matter for the nutritionists and dietitians in Nigeria. Annals of Medicine and Surgery, 85(4), 892–896. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000000359
Kurniati, Paskalia Tri & Sunarti. (2022). Stunting Dan Pencegahannya (Andriyanto (ed.)). Lakeisha.
Prendergast, A. J., Chasekwa, B., Evans, C., Mutasa, K., Mbuya, M. N. N., Stoltzfus, R. J., Smith, L. E., Majo, F. D., Tavengwa, N. V., Mutasa, B., Mangwadu, G. T., Chasokela, C. M., Chigumira, A., Moulton, L. H., Ntozini, R., & Humphrey, J. H. (2019). Independent and combined effects of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene, and improved complementary feeding, on stunting and anaemia among HIV-exposed children in rural Zimbabwe: a cluster-randomised controlled trial. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health, 3(2), 77–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(18)30340-7
Prendergast, A. J., & Humphrey, J. H. (2014). The stunting syndrome in developing countries. Paediatrics and International Child Health, 34(4), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1179/2046905514Y.0000000158
Purba, I. G., Sunarsih, E., Trisnaini, I., & Sitorus, R. J. (2020a). Environmental Sanitation And Incidence Of Stunting In Children Aged 12-59 Months. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.189-199
Purba, I. G., Sunarsih, E., Trisnaini, I., & Sitorus, R. J. (2020b). Environmental Sanitation and Incidence of Stunting in Children Aged 12-59 Months in Ogan Ilir Regency. Jurnal Kesehatan Lingkungan, 12(3), 189–199. https://doi.org/10.20473/jkl.v12i3.2020.189-199
Raharini, H., & Yuniarti, E. (2023). The Relationship Between Water Quality and Stunting in Indonesia : Literature Review. 9(9), 664–670. https://doi.org/10.29303/jppipa.v9i9.4513
Rakotomanana, H., Komakech, J. J., Walters, C. N., & Stoecker, B. J. (2020). The who and unicef joint monitoring programme (Jmp) indicators for water supply, sanitation and hygiene and their association with linear growth in children 6 to 23 months in east Africa. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(17), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176262
Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., & Atlaw, D. (2022). Association between water , sanitation and hygiene ( WASH ) and child undernutrition in Ethiopia : a hierarchical approach. BMC Public Health, 22, 1–20.
Sahiledengle, B., Petrucka, P., Kumie, A., Mwanri, L., Beressa, G., Atlaw, D., Tekalegn, Y., Zenbaba, D., Desta, F., & Agho, K. E. (2022). Association between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) and child undernutrition in Ethiopia: a hierarchical approach. BMC Public Health, 22(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14309-z
Sanin, K. I., Haque, A., Nahar, B., Mahfuz, M., Khanam, M., & Ahmed, T. (2022). Food Safety Practices and Stunting among School-Age Children—An Observational Study Finding from an Urban Slum of Bangladesh. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(13). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19138044
Sasmita, H., Sapriana, S., & Bernike Magdalena Sitorus, S. (2022). Hubungan Pemanfaatan Sarana Sanitasi Terhadap Kejadian Stunting Tahun 2021. Poltekita : Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 16(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.33860/jik.v16i1.753
Shrestha, S. K., Vicendese, D., & Erbas, B. (2020). Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five children in Nepal. BMC Pediatrics, 20(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-020-2010-9
Sinatrya, Alfadhila Khairil & Muniroh, Lailatul. (2019). Hubungan Faktor Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) dengan Stunting di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kotakulon, Kabupaten Bondowoso . Amerta Nutrition, 3(3), 164–170. https://doi.org/10.2473/amnt.v3i3.2019.164-170
Sufri, S., Nurhasanah, Jannah, M., Dewi, T. P., Sirasa, F., & Bakri, S. (2023). Child Stunting Reduction in Aceh Province: Challenges and a Way Ahead. Maternal and Child Health Journal, 27(5), 888–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10995-023-03601-y
Syaputri, D., Soedjadi, T. T. B., Manalu, S. M. H., Tanjung, R., & Rosana, D. (2023). The Relationship Between Household Drinking Water Quality and The Incidence of Stunting. Contagion: Scientific Periodical Journal of Public Health and Coastal Health, 5(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.30829/contagion.v5i1.14890
UNICEF/WHO/WORLD BANK. (2021). Levels and trends in child malnutrition UNICEF / WHO / World Bank Group Joint Child Malnutrition Estimates Key findings of the 2021 edition. World Health Organization, 1–32. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240025257
Utami, M. M. H., Kustiyah, L., & Dwiriani, C. M. (2023). Risk Factors of Stunting, Iron Deficiency Anemia, and Their Coexistence among Children Aged 6-9 Years in Indonesia: Results from the Indonesian Family Life Survey-5 (IFLS-5) in 2014-2015. Amerta Nutrition, 7(1), 120–130. https://doi.org/10.20473/amnt.v7i1.2023.120-130
Wenhold, F. A. M., & Faber, M. (2019). Beverage intake: Nutritional role, challenges, and opportunities for developing countries. In Nutrients in Beverages: Volume 12: The Science of Beverages. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816842-4.00005-8
WHO. (2022). World health statistics 2022 (Monitoring health of the SDGs). In Monitoring health of the SDGs. http://apps.who.int/bookorders.
Woldesenbet, B., Tolcha, A., & Tsegaye, B. (2023). Water, hygiene and sanitation practices are associated with stunting among children of age 24-59 months in Lemo district, South Ethiopia, in 2021: community based cross sectional study. BMC Nutrition, 9(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40795-023-00677-1
Yasril, Neila Sulung (2022). Metode Besar Sampel dan Teknik Pengambilan Sampling Untuk Penelitian Kesehatan.
Published
2024-06-28
How to Cite
SULUNG, Neila et al.
Hubungan Kualitas Fisik, Bakteriologis, dan Higiene Pengolahan Air Minum dengan Kejadian Stunting.
Jurnal Pembangunan Nagari, [S.l.], v. 9, n. 1, p. 25-36, june 2024.
ISSN 2527-6387.
Available at: <https://ejournal.sumbarprov.go.id/index.php/jpn/article/view/443>. Date accessed: 18 oct. 2024.
doi: https://doi.org/10.30559/jpn.v9i1.443.
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